A HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT UTILISES NATURAL RESOURCE OF WATER FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL ENERGY. THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF A HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT ARE :

AN IMPOUNDING STRUCTURE SUCH AS A DAM OR A WEIR TO STORE WATER FOR CREATING HEAD AND FOR CONTROLLED UTILISATION (FOR STORAGE SCHEME) ALTERNATIVELY, A DIVERSION STRUCTURE SUCH AS A DAM OR A WEIR OR A BARRAGE FOR DIVERTING THE FLOW TO THE WATER CONDUCTOR SYSTEM (FOR DIVERSION SCHEME) .

AN INTAKE STRUCTURE CONTAINING TRASH RACK AND GATE TO CONTROL AND REGULATE THE FLOW INTO THE WATER CONDUCTOR SYSTEM.

A WATER CONDUCTOR SYSTEM CONTAINING AN OPEN CHANNEL AND/OR A TUNNEL WITH A FOREBAY TANK OR A SURGE SHAFT AND PENSTOCK..

A TURBINE, THE PRIME MOVER OF A HYDRO POWER PROJECT WHICH MAY BE

EITHER IMPULSE TYPE TO CONVERT ENERGY OF WATER SUPPLIED IN THE FORM OF KINETIC ENERGY SUCH AS PELTON WHEEL

OR REACTION TYPE TO CONVERT ENERGY OF WATER SUPPLIED MOSTLY IN THE FORM OF PRESSURE ENERGY SUCH AS FRANCIS TURBINE.

A GENERATOR TO TRANSFORM MECHANICAL ENERGY OF THE TURBINES TO ELECTRIC ENERGY

A POWER HOUSE FOR ELECTRO-MECHANICAL MACHINE INSTALLATIONS

A DRAFT TUBE FOR CONVEYING WATER FROM TURBINE TO THE TAILRACE AND TO RECOVER LARGE PORTION OF THE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE FLOWING WATER

A TAIL POOL AND/OR A TAILRACE TUNNEL OR TAILRACE CHANNEL FOR RELEASING THE WATER BACK INTO A FLOWING WATER BODY